UNDP Haiti 2010-2011 Activities

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Published in: "Haiti Rebuilds", December 2011
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UN Haiti Fast Fact - Debris 2011: Time for Recovery

Description: The 12 January 2010 earthquake created an estimated 10 million m3 of debris. The Government of Haiti (GoH) has identified debris removal and management as one of the top priorities for the recovery process. Around two million m3 of debris were removed in 2010. The objectives agreed by the Ministry of Public Works (MTPTC) and the Interim Haiti Recovery Commission (IHRC) aim at managing a further four million m3 of debris in 2011. In support of this target, the United Nations (UN), as an active member of the Debris Management Working Group (DMWG), a coordination platform for international and national actors working in debris management, is assisting the GoH to finalize a National Debris Management Strategy and to establish adequate information, standardization and tracking mechanisms for debris removal and recycling.
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Léogâne Yellow Houses

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Léogâne Red House Density

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UNDP Haiti CARMEN Centres

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UNDP Haiti Activities

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Port-au-Prince Debris Activities

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Haiti Joint UN Debris Projects Extent

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Port-au-Prince Yellow House Density

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Port-au-Prince Flood Risk

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Port-au-Prince Geology

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Port-au-Prince Red House Density

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Port-au-Prince Red House Density

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Haiti Joint UN Debris Recycled Numbers

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Haiti Joint UN Debris Volume Numbers

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Drought-related crop damage in Mozambique, 1990-2009

Description: Mozambique is one of the few countries with a disaster database that systematically records drought losses, so the real scale of drought risk becomes visible. Since 1990, drought events damaged 8 million hectares of crops (half of which were destroyed) and affected 11.5 million people. Thus, international under-reporting of drought losses undermines the visibility of drought risk and the political and economic imperative for its reduction, and also hides the significant implications for livelihoods of small-scale farmers, especially elderly and women farmers and female-headed households. 
Published in: 2011 Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction - Revealing Risk, Redefining Development
Copyright © United Nations 2011. All Rights Reserved.

Average number of rainfall stations maintained by AEMET by year in Spain

Description: The number of rainfall stations maintained by Spain’s national meteorological agency, AEMET has declined to almost half of the peak of the mid-1970s.
Published in: 2011 Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction - Revealing Risk, Redefining Development
Copyright © United Nations 2011. All Rights Reserved.

Average annual snowfall at 25 weather stations on or near the Navajo Nation (1930-2010)

Description: Annual snowfall has been decreasing during the past 80 years in the Navajo Nation, and by the 1960s more than 30 major rivers and bodies of water upon which the Navajo relied for livestock and agricultural production had dried up. Since then, the soil has become drier due to higher temperatures during the warmest months, further increasing water stress.
Published in: 2011 Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction - Revealing Risk, Redefining Development
Copyright © United Nations 2011. All Rights Reserved.

The track of Cyclone Gonu (2007)

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Published in: 2011 Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction - Revealing Risk, Redefining Development
Copyright © United Nations 2011. All Rights Reserved.

Counties with low average annual income and high mortality rates, United States of America, 1960-2009

Description: This map shows, 220 out of the 302 counties (73%) with annual mortality rates greater than 15 per million had average annual household incomes of less than US$40 000. Many are sparsely populated counties in the north-to-southwest corridor mentioned above..
Published in: 2011 Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction - Revealing Risk, Redefining Development
Copyright © United Nations 2011. All Rights Reserved.

Multi-hazard crude mortality rate (accumulated mortality per million per year) per county, United States of America, 1960-2009

Description: The highest extensive risk mortality rates are strongly associated with a wide geographical corridor that stretches from the north to the southwest of the United States of America, through the states of North and South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma and Arkansas.
Published in: 2011 Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction - Revealing Risk, Redefining Development
Copyright © United Nations 2011. All Rights Reserved.

Economic loss per capita, normalized by GDP

Description: This graph shows that even when normalized by GDP per capita, economic loss is rising.
Published in: 2011 Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction - Revealing Risk, Redefining Development
Copyright © United Nations 2011. All Rights Reserved.

Mortality per capita per year in extensive disasters: United States of America compared with Africa, Asia, Latin America and the Middle East

Description: This graph shows that, compared with the other countries in the data universe, mortality in extensive disasters in the United States of America is falling.
Published in: 2011 Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction - Revealing Risk, Redefining Development
Copyright © United Nations 2011. All Rights Reserved.

Extensive and intensive mortality in the USA

Description: Unlike low- and middle-income-countries, mortality due to disasters in the United States of America is extensively distributed. Most (89%) of the mortality since 1960 corresponds to extensive disasters.
Published in: 2011 Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction - Revealing Risk, Redefining Development
Copyright © United Nations 2011. All Rights Reserved.

Spatial extent of extensive risk in Mozambique: number of reports per district, 1989-1999 and 1999-2009

Description: These global trends in risk vary widely from country to country, indicating that risk accumulation processes that mirror development are as heterogeneous as development itself. However countries with stronger risk governance capacities appear better able to reduce mortality than to reduce the numbers of houses damaged and people affected. The increase in extensive mortality risk reported in countries like Bolivia, Mozambique (see map), Nepal and Yemen reflect low levels of development. In contrast, mortality risk in Chile and Costa Rica is falling while the rate of housing damage is rising.
Published in: 2011 Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction - Revealing Risk, Redefining Development
Copyright © United Nations 2011. All Rights Reserved.

Number of local administrative areas annually reporting extensive disaster losses

Description: Spatially, the expansion of extensive risk mirrors urban and regional development and hence increasing population and asset exposure. Across all 21 countries and states, the number of local administrative areas reporting disaster losses has increased more or less continuously over the
past 20 years.
Published in: 2011 Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction - Revealing Risk, Redefining Development
Copyright © United Nations 2011. All Rights Reserved.

Number of houses damaged per million people per year

Description: The number of houses damaged relative to population growth in all 21 countries and states has increased by approximately 600% since the early 1990s.
Published in: 2011 Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction - Revealing Risk, Redefining Development
Copyright © United Nations 2011. All Rights Reserved.

Extensive risk trends by indicator (for the 21 countries and states included in the GAR11 analysis)

Description: Looking at the longer-term picture, the past 20 years have seen a significant increase in the number of local areas reporting losses, the number of houses damaged, the number of people affected and the damage to health and educational facilities associated with extensive disasters. This reinforces the view that the rapid increases in both population and GDP exposure.
Published in: 2011 Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction - Revealing Risk, Redefining Development
Copyright © United Nations 2011. All Rights Reserved.

Housing damage by governorate in Jordan and the Syrian Arab Republic (left), and by province in Yemen (right), 1989–2009

Description: Jordan, the Syrian Arab Republic and Yemen (Figure 2.23) have recently published national disaster inventories, included in GAR11, and it is expected that the other two countries will soon follow. Mozambique and the Arab states also plan to include age- and genderenabled indicators when such information is available..
Published in: 2011 Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction - Revealing Risk, Redefining Development
Copyright © United Nations 2011. All Rights Reserved.

Number of reports of extensive disaster loss in Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala and Panama

Description: The Central American countries of Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala and Panama illustrate where extensive risk exists wherever development occurs. All  Panama’s municipal areas report extensive disaster losses even though the country lies south of the Caribbean hurricane belt and earthquakes are infrequent.
Published in: 2011 Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction - Revealing Risk, Redefining Development
Copyright © United Nations 2011. All Rights Reserved.

Mortality from extensive and intensive disasters, 1989–2009 in 21 countries in Africa, Asia, Latin America and the Middle East

Description: Extensive disasters are responsible for only a small proportion of global disaster mortality (Figure 2.20), they account for a very significant proportion of damage to public assets, such as health and educational facilities and infrastructure, as well as to the livelihoods, houses and assets of low-income groups. Many recording disaster loss, but most extensive disaster losses go unaccounted for.
Published in: 2011 Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction - Revealing Risk, Redefining Development
Copyright © United Nations 2011. All Rights Reserved.

Number of houses damaged in different municipalities as a result of the November 2010 rains in Costa Rica

Description: Extremely heavy and persistent rains fell across a broad area of the Central Valley and Pacific coast of Costa Rica on 2-3 November 2010. Just south of San José, a mudslide destroyed the small community of Calle Lajas in San Antonio de Escazú, killing 23 people and destroying 25
houses. The losses in Calle Lajas, however, were only the most intensive of those associated with a large number of floods and landslides that affected 50 municipalities and 681 communities in Costa Rica. The disaster damaged or destroyed 2,540 houses, four schools and 85 bridges. Whereas these disasters were characterized as a consequence of unexpectedly heavy rains, in reality they were the outcome of an unseen but continuous accumulation of risk. Costa Rica is ranked 59th out of 184 countries on risk governance capacities, ahead of most low- and middle-income countries. However, many municipalities do not have land use plans informed by risk assessments, and over the years building and urban development have been authorized in many hazard-prone locations. Although Costa Rica has good levels of environmental protection, it is having difficulty managing rapidly increasing hazard exposure from urban development, and ensuring the security of public infrastructure such as roads and bridges. It was anticipated that the 2010 rainy season would be more intense than usual given the presence of La Niña15 in the region. Although a scientific study had already identified the risk of landside in Calle Lajas, local authorities were unable to address this because of a combination of ineffective planning and enforcement mechanisms, responsibilities spread over many different public bodies with unclear accountability, and a resistance to relocation from many of the households at risk.
Published in: 2011 Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction - Revealing Risk, Redefining Development
Copyright © United Nations 2011. All Rights Reserved.

Development achievements 1980–2010

Description: Over the last 30 years, the gap in development achievements between many lower-income countries and the OECD has grown and is likely to widen further as a result of climate change.14 Although GDP per capita, human development, capital formation and competitiveness of some low- and middle income countries has approached those of the OECD, others have fallen further behind both their low- and middle-income counterparts and the OECD. Some of these divergent economies may be experiencing ‘resilience traps’, where disaster losses and impacts cause negative feedback into slow development and structural poverty. Climate change may further test the resilience of many of these countries..
Published in: 2011 Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction - Revealing Risk, Redefining Development
Copyright © United Nations 2011. All Rights Reserved.

Percentage change in economic loss risk, exposure and vulnerability to tropical cyclones in East Asia and the Pacific, South Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean, and OECD countries as modelled, 1980– 2010 (compared to baseline year 1980)

Description: Economic loss risk for cyclones is increasing in all regions. It has almost quadrupled (increasing by 265 %  since 1980 in the OECD, almost tripled in sub-Saharan Africa (181  %), and is more than two-and-a-half times greater in other regions (over 150 % higher). In East Asia and the Pacific, and South Asia, risk is increasing because reductions in vulnerability are not offsetting rapidly increasing exposure. In terms of income regions economic loss risk has almost quadrupled (increasing by 262 %) in high-income countries, and is more than two-and-a-half times greater in upper-middle-income countries (165 % , lower-middle-income countries (152 %)  and low-income countries (155 %) . Thus economic strength has failed to reduce economic loss risk, even in the OECD.
Published in: 2011 Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction - Revealing Risk, Redefining Development
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Percentage change in economic loss risk, exposure and vulnerability to floods in the OECD and in Latin America and the Caribbean as modelled, 1990– 2010 (compared to baseline year 1990)

Description: In the case of floods, economic loss risk is increasing faster in OECD and high-income
countries than in other geographic and income regions, even though exposure in these countries is increasing at a far slower rate than elsewhere, for example Latin America and the Caribbean.
Published in: 2011 Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction - Revealing Risk, Redefining Development
Copyright © United Nations 2011. All Rights Reserved.

Percentage change in relative tropical cyclone mortality risk by region as modelled, 1980- 2010 (compared to baseline year 1980)

Description: In relative terms, cyclone mortality risk has fallen in all regions since 2000, and is now lower than in 1980. This is an important achievement considering the extent to which exposure has increased over the same period. For example, in East Asia and the Pacific, relative mortality risk has fallen by about two-thirds since 1980, and has almost halved in sub-Saharan Africa.
Published in: 2011 Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction - Revealing Risk, Redefining Development
Copyright © United Nations 2011. All Rights Reserved.

Percentage change in relative flood mortality risk by region as modelled, 1980– 2010 (compared to baseline year 1980)

Description: Flood mortality risk has fallen since 1980 in all regions apart from South Asia. In East Asia and the Pacific, in particular, it has declined by about two-thirds.
Published in: 2011 Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction - Revealing Risk, Redefining Development
Copyright © United Nations 2011. All Rights Reserved.

Extent of flooding in Pakistan on 30 August 2010

Description: The challenges to reducing flood risk in South Asia were highlighted by the August 2010 floods in Pakistan, which killed approximately 1 700 people and caused US$9.7 billion in damage to infrastructure, farms and homes, as well as other direct and indirect losses (ADB/World Bank, 2010). The map contrasts the areas that actually flooded with those areas that the UNISDR GAR 2009 risk model redicted would be flooded during a 1-in-100-year flood (Herold and Mouton, 2011). As with any flood, some areas the model predicted would flood were spared, and some flooded areas were not captured by the model. The flooding was concentrated in rural areas with rapidly growing populations that lacked a prominent political voice—risk factors that contributed to the high mortality. The risk model also predicted a mortality rate approximately four times higher than that reported, suggesting the reduction in flood mortality in South Asia described earlier may be conservative. That the risk could be modelled at all highlights that this was not an unexpected disaster.
Published in: 2011 Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction - Revealing Risk, Redefining Development
Copyright © United Nations 2011. All Rights Reserved.

Percentage change in tropical cyclone mortality risk, exposure and vulnerability, as modelled, 1980– 2010 (compared to baseline year 1980)

Description: Vulnerability to tropical cyclones has decreased in all regions since 2000. However, even though the vulnerability of low-income countries in 2010 was about 20 percent lower than in 1980, it was still 225 times higher than in OECD countries. The most significant reduction in vulnerability has been in lowermiddle-income countries, where vulnerability in 2010 was less than half that in 1980. Global tropical cyclone mortality risk is also decreasing (Figure 2.12), a trend largely
controlled by a very significant reduction in risk in East Asia and the Pacific. In the OECD and sub-Saharan Africa, increased exposure is being offset by reduced vulnerability. However, in Latin America and the Caribbean, and South Asia, risk in 2010 remained higher than in 1990.
Published in: 2011 Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction - Revealing Risk, Redefining Development
Copyright © United Nations 2011. All Rights Reserved.